<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CMR madde 23 \u2013 24 Karayolu ile uluslararas\u0131 e\u015fya ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine (CMR) ili\u015fkin antla\u015fma 1995 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmi\u015ftir. CMR kapsam\u0131na giren bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken maddeler m. 23 ve m. 24\u2019 t\u00fcr. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ziya, hasar ve gecikmeden do\u011fan zararlar\u0131 tazminle m\u00fckelleftir. Ziya halinde \u00f6denecek tazminat\u0131n belirlenmesi m. 23\u2019 te yer almaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re e\u015fyan\u0131n tamamen veya k\u0131smen ziya u\u011framas\u0131 halinde \u00f6denecek olan tazminat miktar\u0131, mal\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmak \u00fczere teslim al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer ve zamandaki k\u0131ymetine g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131r. K\u0131ymetin neye g\u00f6re saptanaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kriterler ise \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2013 CMR m. 23\/f.2\u2019 de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u00f6ncelikle e\u015fyan\u0131n teslim al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer ve zamandaki borsa fiyat\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2013 E\u011fer e\u015fyan\u0131n bir borsa fiyat\u0131 yoksa yine ayn\u0131 maddeye g\u00f6re piyasa de\u011feri dikkate al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2013 Her ikisi de mevcut de\u011filse bu takdirde ayn\u0131 cins ve mallar\u0131n normal de\u011feri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmak suretiyle de\u011fer tespit edilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hasar halinde tazminat\u0131n nas\u0131l hesaplanaca\u011f\u0131 CMR m. 25\u2019 te d\u00fczenlenmekle birlikte CMR m. 23\u2019 e at\u0131f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda yukar\u0131da belirtilen kriterler uygulanacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ziya ve hasar hallerinde ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tazminle m\u00fckellef oldu\u011fu de\u011fer bu \u015fekilde hesaplanmakla birlikte CMR m. 23\/f.3 buna bir \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r getirmektedir. B\u00f6ylece ziya halinde tazminat miktar\u0131 e\u015fyan\u0131n eksik br\u00fct a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kilogram\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na 8.33 hesap birimini a\u015famaz. Ancak CMR m.23\/f.3\u2019 te yer alan \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r taraflarca de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. CMR m. 24\u2019 e g\u00f6re e\u015fyan\u0131n de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131ma senedine yaz\u0131l\u0131rsa bu de\u011fer CMR m. 23\/f.3\u2019 teki \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7er. Fakat g\u00f6nderen tek tarafl\u0131 bir i\u015flemle e\u015fyan\u0131n de\u011ferinin ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flayamaz. Bu hususta taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131, CMR \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan de\u011fere itiraz etmez ve ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 yaparsa, bu durum taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmaya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131na karine say\u0131l\u0131r. CMR m. 24\u2019 de g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131ma senedine e\u015fyan\u0131n de\u011ferinin yaz\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in taraflar\u0131n mutab\u0131k kalacaklar\u0131 ek bir \u00fccretin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6denmesi gerekir. Ek \u00fccret \u00f6denmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 e\u015fyan\u0131n de\u011ferini ta\u015f\u0131ma senedine yazd\u0131rmak zorunda de\u011fildir. Ancak ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 e\u015fyan\u0131n de\u011ferini ta\u015f\u0131ma senedine yazd\u0131rmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ek \u00fccret talep etmeyebilir. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ek \u00fccreti kendi iradesi ile almamas\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma senedine yaz\u0131lan de\u011feri ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmaz.1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CMR m. 24\u2019 \u00fcn uygulama alan\u0131 bulabilmesi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma senedinde belirli veya belirlenebilir bir e\u015fya de\u011feri olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fya de\u011ferinden sorumlu olabilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta e\u015fya de\u011ferinin belirli ya da belirlenebilir olmas\u0131 gerekir.2 CMR Sigortalar\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 karayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan nakliyat firmalar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fckle ilgili olarak CMR Konvansiyonundan (Convention on the contract for the international carriage of goods by road) kaynaklanan hukuki sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 poli\u00e7ede belirtilen \u015fartlar ve limitler dahilinde teminat alt\u0131na alan sigorta t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Uluslararas\u0131 karayolu nakliyecileri, CMR konvansiyonu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan istihdam ettikleri ki\u015filerin ve ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hizmetinden faydaland\u0131klar\u0131 arac\u0131lar\u0131n, g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken i\u015flemi\u015f olduklar\u0131 kusurlardan sorumludurlar. Bu sorumluluk, ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mallar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmak \u00fczere teslim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda ba\u015flar ve varma yerindeki al\u0131c\u0131ya teslim edinceye kadar devam eder. CMR sigortas\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nan mal\u0131n sigortas\u0131 olmay\u0131p, sadece ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n CMR Konvansiyonu\u2019na g\u00f6re kusurlu oldu\u011fu durumlarda, konvansiyonun belirlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu sorumluluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde do\u011facak sorumlulu\u011fu teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Konuyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak bir de CMR Sigortas\u0131 Genel \u015eartlar\u0131na bakmal\u0131y\u0131z. Buna g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye belgede belirtilen ge\u00e7erlik alan\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer almakla uygulama alan\u0131na sahiptir. Ancak sigorta genel \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgeye bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CMR\u2019nin 24 ve 26. maddelerine g\u00f6re olan anla\u015fmalar sebebiyle hak ve talepler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sigorta kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmu\u015ftur. Bu nedenle sadece e\u015fya ta\u015f\u0131tanla ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferin y\u00fckseltilmesinde anla\u015fmas\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir. Bu anla\u015fman\u0131n CMR sigortac\u0131s\u0131na da ihbar edilerek e\u015fya de\u011ferine ili\u015fkin ek prim \u00f6denmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(CMR Sigorta Genel \u015eartlar\u0131 4.13) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
KAYNAKLAR <\/p>\n\n\n\n
ENG\u0130N ERD\u0130L, CMR KONVANS\u0130YONU \u015eERH\u0130 s. 323\u2013324, Vedat kitap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u0130stanbul \u2013 2007 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dr. TURKAY \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R, ULUSLAR ARASI E\u015eYA TA\u015eIMA HUKUKU (Ziya ve\/veya Hasar Sorumlulu\u011fu) s. 163\u2013164 Vedat kitap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u0130stanbul \u2013 2006 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00dcBRA YET\u0130\u015e \u015eAMLI, ULUSLAR ARASI KARA, HAVA VE DEN\u0130Z YOLUYLA E\u015eYA TA\u015eIMALARINDA TA\u015eIYICININ\/TA\u015eIYANIN SINIRLI SORUMLULUKTAN YARARLANMA HAKKININ KAYBI s. 24\u201330 XII Levha <\/p>\n\n\n\n
AL\u0130HAN AYDIN, CMR\u2019YE G\u00d6RE TA\u015eIYICININ Z\u0130YA, HASAR VE GEC\u0130KMEDEN DO\u011eAN SORUMULULU\u011eU s. 135\u2013136, Ar\u0131kan \u0130stanbul \u2013 2006 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Av. Ahmet Kaleli<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
CMR madde 23 \u2013 24 Karayolu ile uluslararas\u0131 e\u015fya ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine (CMR) ili\u015fkin antla\u015fma 1995 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmi\u015ftir. CMR kapsam\u0131na giren bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken maddeler m. 23 ve m. 24\u2019 t\u00fcr. Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ziya, hasar ve gecikmeden do\u011fan zararlar\u0131 tazminle m\u00fckelleftir. Ziya halinde \u00f6denecek tazminat\u0131n belirlenmesi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hukuk","category-ticaret"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=469"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":470,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/469\/revisions\/470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kaleli.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}